The Louisiana Purchase Essay Example For Students

The Louisiana Purchase Essay The Louisiana Purchase Essay was the acquisition of the French region of Louisiana by the US in 1803. The region extended from the Mississippi River westbound to the Rough Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico northward to Canada, covering a territory equivalent to that of the United States, preceding the buy. Aside from the Mississippi River on the east and Canada on the north, the limits were inconclusive. The United States likewise guaranteed West Florida between the Mississippi and Perdido waterways as a feature of the buy, however Spain denied the case. Because of the buy, the port of New Orleans and the whole Mississippi framework were made sure about for American shippers, and the nation was allowed to grow toward the Pacific Ocean. In 1762, France had surrendered Louisiana to Spain, however by the mystery Treaty of San Ildefonso, (1800) the French had recaptured the territory. Napoleon Bonaparte (the future Emperor Napoleon I) imagined an incredible French realm in the New World, and he planned to utilize the Mississippi Valley as a food and exchange focus to flexibly the island of Hispania, which was to be the core of this domain. To begin with, be that as it may, he needed to reestablish French control of Hispania, where Haitian slaves under Toussaint L Ouverture had held onto power (1801). In 1802, an enormous armed force sent by Napoleon under his brother by marriage, Charles Leclerc, showed up on the island to smother the Haitian defiance. Additionally in 1802, two acts were submitted that President Thomas Jefferson, who was worried about French goals, viewed as antagonistic to the interests of the U.S. . French powers were sent to New Orleans and to Santo Domingo, Hispania (presently the Dominican Republic), to suppress a disobedience there. The other was the privilege of store, the benefit recently concurred U.S. traders of storing merchandise at New Orleans pending transshipment, was pulled back. Jefferson immediately sent the American legislator James Monroe to Paris to help the American pastor to France, Robert R. Livingston, trying to influence one of four potential plans worthwhile to the U.S. The plans are (1) to acquisition of eastern and western Florida and New Orleans; (2) the acquisition of New Orleans alone; (3) the acquisition of land on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River to assemble an American port; or (4) the procurement of ceaseless privileges of route and store. In spite of some military achievement, the French lost a huge number of officers, fundamentally to yellow fever, and Napoleon before long understood that Hispania must be deserted. Without that island, he had little use for Louisiana. Confronting recharged war with Great Britain, he was unable to save troops to protect the region; he required assets, in addition, to help his military endeavors in Europe. Appropriately, in April 1803 he offered to offer Louisiana to the United States. The cost conceded to was $15 million, of which $11,250,000 was to be paid out and out by the U.S. to France. The parity of $3,750,000 was to be paid by the U.S. to its residents to fulfill their cases against France. At the point when the entirety of this news came back to Jefferson was happy. At one stroke, the United States would twofold its size, a colossal tract of land would be available to settlement, and the free route of the Mississippi would be guaranteed. At the hour of procurement, Jefferson was worried about the lawfulness of making a land obtaining without adding a covering alteration to the U.S. Constitution. The tradition that must be adhered to, in any case, gave the president bargain making force, and Jefferson inferred that the useful advantages to the country far exceed the conceivable infringement of the Constitution. The Senate agreed with this choice and casted a ballot confirmation on Oct. 20, 1803. The Spanish, who had never surrendered physical ownership of Louisiana to the French, did as such in a service at New Orleans on Nov. 30, 1803. In a subsequent function, on Dec. .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b , .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b .postImageUrl , .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b , .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b:hover , .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b:visited , .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b:active { border:0!important; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b:active , .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-embellishment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u37b4 1db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u37b41db8501d989e87c50e0c6ed2627b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Schindler’s List: A Film Review Essay 20, 1803, the French surrendered Louisiana to the United States. Debates with Britain and Spain over the limits of the buy took a long time to determine. A portion of different issues that happened when the land was bought was what was the administration going to do about the Indians and how they lived before this .

Reforms in China Essay Example for Free

Changes in China Essay Numerous changes have been presented in China since it achieved its freedom yet the most critical ones occurred after 1978. These changes are well known throughout the entire existence of China as the monetary change is completely ascribed to them. The need to present the changes was the pressing political just as monetary desperation to resuscitate the Chinese economy which was set out toward fate. Socialism neglected to see the nation understand its objectives of industrialization. Rather it had seen the nation bargain its food security and unmistakably advancement would not be acknowledged independently. There was have to acquaint new and various arrangements with assistance change the country’s economy. The changes were effective as in they changed costs, differentiated the financial frameworks and advanced the improvement of the private area which was nearly inexistent. The state parts would increase expanded self-governance and would work in a free economy as a method of expanding their productivity. In spite of all these beneficial outcomes of the changes, significant issues that develop calling for genuine or indispensable contemplations in the event that they are to be tended to viably. This paper targets characterizing the CPS change system and building up in the event that it is a sinified communist or a dictator developmentalist. CPS change methodology is tyrant developmentalistic in nature. The changes have been effective in improving the people’s ways of life and as Randall clarify in his book China Modernizes Threat toward the West or model to the rest? the future rate has increased. (Peerenboom, 2007). China has been enrolling financial development a seemingly endless amount of time after year and this is required to continue for a serious long time. It has advanced exchange progression and grasped private enterprise however the job of the state is additionally huge and can't be subverted. The state is liable for the guideline just as the control of significant divisions of the economy. It additionally guarantees that the conditions are compelling for the viable activities of business. Privatization was to be supported with the presentation of the changes. It fortified the private division which was nearly inexistent during the time of socialism. The changes have realized blended emotions to the Chinese individuals. In spite of the financial advantages that accompanied the changes it is contended that they achieved partition or isolation among the Chinese individuals. China presented the change as it needed to restore the economy just as to build its autonomy where the part of remote predominance would be disposed of. The political pioneers at the time disguised the requirement for escalated financial turn of events and there were engaged to improving industrialization. A communist country is one where the state has a lot of authority over practically all angles. Such frameworks are denounced as in they make insignificant motivating forces to empower development. When all is said in done, the issue of effectiveness is one that brings a lot of worry up in most definitely. With the changes the administration control on costs would be limited and thus the market twists that were caused would be disposed of. On the off chance that force is decentralized the different degrees of government would have the self-governance essentially to empower them work successfully and proficiently. Permitting state companies to work inside the restrictions of the market powers of interest and gracefully would make sure that costs mirrored the genuine costs. It is this belief system that would upgrade the adequacy of such bodies. As China moved away from the at first rehearsed communism it kept on sabotaging patriotism and the monetary viewpoint was set over different angles. The resultant impact of this training was the escalated contortions in the economy just as in the political field. The mainstream esteems that guaranteed that the people’s interests remained the government’s significant job were supplanted by the need to create. As Randall clarifies in his book China Modernizes Threat toward the West or model to the rest? section four majority rule government in the Asian nations stays an exceptionally easy to refute issue and it makes blended responses in individuals. The genuine feeling of vote based system doesn't appear to be felt as can be found in the way in which decisions are completed. In any popularity based countries races are completed to let the individuals have a state in the issues concerning their country. They go about as a measure that minds how a nation is run. Great pioneers are commonly chosen or reappointed to proceed with the tasks they have built up. Be that as it may, the way where most Asian nations lead their races is very sketchy and it raises worries with respect to whether the primary explanation behind the decisions is to guarantee that majority rule government wins. They are portrayed by bedlam and individuals would go the additional mile of affronting the standard of law to make sure about their situation in power. The reaction of the regular man as respects to this issue is unfriendly in nature. On the off chance that individuals are denied the option to unreservedly and decently take an interest in the running of their own country then they wind up deciding on cruel measures. (Peerenboom, 2007). Tun-jen, Jacques and Deborah contend there is have to change the political association as well. Force in China has not been transformed and similar forces that the original had are similar forces that the four age has. (Huang, 2005). A decent representation to demonstrate the truth of this announcement is the way that similarly as the previous pioneers had a lot of intensity in undoubtedly so are the present heads. There is have to change the political framework particularly the gathering associations. This would prompt their viability in tending to issues as they rise. The political authority should move with the occasions as various occasions are described by various and exceptional issues. Tun-jen, Jacques and Deborah propose that if the administration is to recapture its lost brilliance discolored by the wild defilement that endangers its very authenticity then the political initiative must be changed. It must change in a way that makes it applicable to the recently rising circumstance. (Amin, 2005). The changes can be clarified as ‘authoritarian developmentalistic in nature. The political first class who structure the legislature are focused on guaranteeing that advancement stays an exceptionally esteemed national objective. To achieve this objective they have set essential organizations to configuration, execute the state drove improvement ventures. In spite of the fact that free enterprise is grasped in such an express this isn't without certain limitations. The organizations with the job of guaranteeing that approaches set up are equipped towards the monetary improvement of the country makes it difficult for different gatherings to make their commitment. This restrictiveness of certain organizations to that detriment of the dominant part causes a lot of contentions or pressure. The free enterprise practiced in China is constrained to the degree at which the state mediation is guaranteed. Arrangements that are permitted are those that clear path for fast industrialization and more inclination is given to the structures or foundations that would be of a positive effect in undoubtedly. The changes neglected to let the market work successfully similarly as with the blended economy government control in advertise was inescapable. As Randall clarifies in his book China Modernizes Threat toward the West or model to the rest? section four, bureaucratic benefits were not adequately tended to and the country’s power structure was not viably tended to subsequently subverting popular government. Because of this the regular man feels withdrew from a similar framework that should guarantee that his advantages are genially managed. The legislature has flopped in satisfying its obligations viably as can be found in the manner it displays laxity in the usage of laws that guarantee the assurance of its residents. Open interest is profoundly dismissed in most definitely. The changes were to realize noteworthy changes which ought to be felt by the whole framework. (Peerenboom, 2007). Subsequently there is have to actualize changes in the lawful just as the political foundations. A few parts of communism ought to be embraced to guarantee that financial improvement isn't to the detriment of the basic man. For there to be viable advancement it is significant that nations must grasp majority rules system. At whatever point majority rules system is sabotaged then the odds for serious exhibits are expanded and this isn't useful for the economy. In the event that individuals are not permitted to have a state in their illicit relationships they may settle on the cruel methods of communicating their perspectives. Once more, if conference isn't done the approaches to be actualized may not really the best for the individuals. Majority rule government conjures fluctuating or rather clashing perspectives as some contend that its proficiency is connected to condition of the nation being referred to. To this respect they contend that its adequacy would be felt in the created nations. (Peerenboom, 2007). Be that as it may, in some creating nations with numerous gatherings where there is insignificant possibility of one gathering commanding the others it can all around worked out. In the present position, majority rule government just attempts to profit a couple of individuals in the general public. The tip top who stand a superior situation in the public eye whether in the parts of influence or cash will in general advantage to the detriment of the lion's share poor. Vote based system doesn't address similar issues it was acquainted with manage. In any cases it just attempts to sustain clashes as the normal people will endeavor to utilize whichever implies available to them to have their voice heard. The wasteful aspects that ‘democracy’ is portrayed with incorporate the absence of straightforwardness by the world class n society. This clears route for anomalies in the framework as the political elites are not liable to anybody. They are hesitant to address the issues or interests of the individuals e

But What Are They Really Looking For

But What Are They Really Looking For Last week I started working at the MIT Alumni Association. It was difficult to leave my job in admissions since I have really enjoyed working with my admissions colleagues and the incredible alumni who interview our prospective students. The transition happened quickly and I didn’t have time to think about all the things I would miss about my old job but now those things are becoming clear to me. This time of year my life has long been full of finding out about the lives of those who are applying to MIT and it has been absolutely fascinating. It was also very fulfilling when I got to see applicants admitted and then watch them become a part of our community as students. My new office is far off the infinite corridor so while I don’t have to navigate the crush of people during passing time I also don’t get to randomly see students I know in the hall. I also miss walking up the steps to Lobby 7 every morning. That was a habit that started for me when I was a freshman and when I came to work at MIT it became a part of my daily routine once again. I have always viewed this ritual as a moment to be thoughtful and appreciative about what opportunities being connected to MIT has provided for me. But most of all, I miss talking to each of you! I loved giving admissions information sessions (both at MIT and on the road) and have been known to tear up a bit on occasion when I get to a story that has special significance to me. I believe MIT is an amazing place and having the chance to discuss what, to me, makes it special with potential applicants and their parents was one of my favorite parts of the job. If you have ever been to one of my sessions you probably also figured out that I love to give advice…both on what you should say on the application, but also how you should approach this whole process. Since I won’t be giving those sessions anymore I decided I might as well share my advice here for those who won’t get to hear it in the months ahead. Here are a handful of tips I have for anyone who applies to college (MIT or otherwise): Be yourself: Students spend so much time trying to figure out what admissions officers are looking for and it is the most common question we are asked. Don’t worry about what we want to see in your application. Instead make certain you have thought through what are the most important things for admissions offices to know about you. If it helps, make a list before you start and then make certain those things are in your application before you hit “submit”. There is no single path: There really is no one perfect school for anyone! You will probably like some more than others at various times, but if you apply to a school be prepared to spend four years there as it may be where you will go. Also make certain you apply to a number of different schools. The chance of getting into any single school is quite small so you have to have a full list of options and they should all be choices that make sense for who you are and who you want to be. Embrace your choice: Once you have the list of schools to which you have been admitted, forget about those you didn’t get into and pick the one you feel is the best choice for you. Not being admitted to a school does not mean you are not amazing! None of us have enough space to admit all the students we would like to admit so we make tough choices. That means we don’t admit a lot of great students and it is our loss but the decisions won’t change. As hard as it will be you must move on and should make the most of the school you do go to. College will be what you make of it, no matter what school you attend. Don’t forget to breathe…often: Applying to college is so much more difficult and confusing than it was when I did it. It may be the most difficult thing you have ever done and it is tough on your parents and family members as well. Parents are used to helping you navigate obstacles in your life and in this process there isn’t much they can do to help beyond reading your application and reminding you about deadlines. The more you are stressed in this process, the more those around you will be stressed. While it makes me sad that I won’t get to deliver this advice to you in person anymore I still will greet each new class at MIT with excitement. I know that I’ll get to see them not just be a part of our undergraduate community but also become part of the alumni community when they graduate. While MIT is a special place for me, the school you ultimately attend will be special for you as that is the way it works. In the end if you pick the school that you are admitted to that feels like “home” and make the most of the opportunities available to you there you will be at the best college for you, and isn’t that the best possible result?

Real estate investment trusts in China - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3434 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Real Estate Investment Trusts in China: how can we learn form American model to develop our REITs system? Ouyang Chun Abstract The real estate market is a burgeon market and is an essential part in the Chinese economy. During the past decades, the government made all their efforts to boost its development by using foreign countries experience. Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) model is new method to finance for city development. Since 2007, Chinese government began to test whether this model is suitable for China. The paper addresses the situation of Chinese REITs and the factors influencing REITs operating in China. Using the American REITs model for reference, the paper also discusses how to solve this problems and how to implement REITs model in China. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Real estate investment trusts in China" essay for you Create order I. Introduction The real estate market is booming in these years, particularly in China. The demand of finance as well as the housing supply makes China searching for other more efficient financing methods to meet the increasing requirements. Recently, with the releasing of the law restrictions and the reform and opening-up, more and more diversified investment methods are being tested in China. The Chinese government is now trying to find a new financing method by learning from foreign experience and integrating it with the Chinese situation. The REITs is considered to be one of the most efficient and suitable investment tools in China. REITs first appeared in the USA in 1960s. With over 40 years of development, REITs was successful in America because of complete laws and professional evaluation agencies. REITs developed rapidly in both their size and numbers since 1990 in America (Chan et al., 2002), and now it is a very mature investment model in the USA, benefiting the individual investors by running properties under the professional institutions. A REIT is a mutual fund to collect money from both individuals and institutional investors, with the exemption of the taxation, investing to different categories of real estate projects in different regions indirectly, and it is also can be traded on the stock markets (Jones. C, 2007). According to the Baker Review (Baker, 2003), the institutional investors prefer to use REITs, which is a tax transparent investment tool, to stimulate and to improve the rent stock as well as to stabilize the market. This tax transparent feature means that there is no need to pay double tax on REITs. Since 2007, the Chinese government established some test spots by choosing several potential projects, examining the feasibility of REITs in China. However, almost all the tests failed by various factors. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors influencing the REITs adapted to the Chinese market. The paper also examines the experience from the USA, which has the most mature REITs model in the world, and contrasts with the Chinese REITs model. As part of the task, the paper addresses the countermeasures for the factors influencing REITs feasibility in China by giving the law supports, improving the REITs models and establishing the professional evaluation system. The paper first examines the definition and the properties of REITs and then addresses the current situation of REITs operation in China. It then considers the factors which influences why REITs did not particularly adapt to China before. The paper then introduces the experience of REITs in America and also the reasons making REITs successful in the USA. The final part of the paper considers the countermeasures for making REITs adapt to China in the future and draws some conclusions. II. The current situation of REITs in China In this section, the paper will first address the potential of REITs in China, giving some reasons why REITs is considered to be the most suitable financial tool in China. The paper will then examine the reasons influencing REITs developed in China since 2007. A. The potential of REITs in China The National Association gave the definition of the Real Estate Investment Trusts as followed (NAREIT): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“[a] REIT is essentially a corporation or business trust that combines the capital of many investors to acquire or provide financing for all forms of real estate. The aim of REITs is to invest to the real estate market and to receive the returns, it just like the stock shares held by the investors, which creates the possibility to indirectly invest to the market with professional management. REITs is suitable for China because of its features, the liquidity, the diversification of risk and the available capital. The Liquidity of REITs is that it can be traded on the open markets just like the stock shares, which means that the individuals or the institution can invest to the real estate market even though they are not the professionals in this area. It also gives them a chance to withdraw their asset quickly when the market is depressed instead of the long period of the direct investment (Eichholtz, 1996, Hoesli et al, 2000,Walpole, 1999). Eichholtz also pointed out that (Eichholtz, 1996) REITs can diversify the risk of the investment. The capital of the REITs will be divided into several parts to invest in different category of properties and in different regions. The development in China is unbalanced even in the metropolitans. Thereby, REITs will spread the risk efficiently for the investors and improve some undeveloped area where the direct investment did not participate in. REITs welcomes all kinds of investors including the retails and the institutions. Because it does not need too much assets to involve, REITs may collects enormous money and becomes a non-ignored capital in the market (Walpole, 1999). REITs can be cultivated stronger in China because of the massive of the retail investors, thereby, the available capital of REITs may become incredible huge and will benefit substantially for the Chinese real estate market. B. The reasons influencing of the Chinese REITs Since 2007, the Chinese government set up several test points to examine whether REITs adapted to China, however, almost all the projects failed, which exposed many factors influencing REITs operating in China. The supporting laws and policies is non-enough. The Chinese government published few supporting laws or policies for REITs. REITs returns are mostly attribute form the exemption of the tax, but there are still not any policies or laws published to exempt the taxes of REITs, which makes the incomes of REITs are very low. Thereby, the investors in China still wait and see to determinate whether invest to REITs market. The complicated properties of the projects make the evaluation difficult. Due to the limited test spots, the competition in Chinese REITs was very sharp since 2007, more and more conglomerates joint or had a will to join at that time, the projects they brought to the test spots is significantly huge for the Chinese REITs system. There was not enough preparations for such big properties in this market, such as the laws, the regulations as well as the evaluations systems, which is considered to be the most important part in REITs investment, did not prepare maturely at that time. Therefore, as the test began, the problems appeared gradually, the valuation of the properties was evaluated incorrectly or the values of the whole project were not easy to evaluate which caused the investor was not able to grasp the information precisely. The unclear ownership of the Property Portfolio reduced the value of the REITs. After the project started, this problem appeared significantly, a larger of buildings which were prepared to be the asset pack existed problems, the use or the property of lands are not correct or the approval process is not complete. Such buildings are not allowed to invest to the Chinese REITs market due to the laws. Thereby, these problems affected the evaluation of the asset directly and also affected launching the REITs definitely. The rental fee can not be collected efficiently. The Chinese government established some development areas in the past decades, in which the investor would be benefited when they established the projects by some policies. These policies exempted the rental fees from their buildings for a particularly period, which effected the operating of REITs dramatically, because the most important factor, the returns, was affected. A non-returnable property would not make and profits for the REITs products obviously and would confuse the investor on how they would get their incomes after they invested, therefore, it would not be approved by the market definitely. Although there were many defects in Chinese REITs, we could avoid these disadvantages by using other countries experience for reference. The American REITs model is one of the most mature models in the world. Their development history, their REITs structure as well as the reason of its success are worth us to reflect our REITs model. III. The REITs model in USA and the analysis of the reasons of the success of RIETs in America In this part, the paper will analyze the reason of the success in the American REITs. The paper will first give a brief history of the REITs in the USA and address its structure. After that, the paper will focus on analyzing the reasons promoting REITs market to boost and boom in recent years. A. A brief history of the REITs in America The modern pattern of the REITs appeared by the Wall Street in 1960s even though the idea of it can be dated back to 1880s. In 1960, in order to stimulate the depressed real estate market, the United State published the Real Estate Investment Trust Act, which gave the supporting law to the new invest model (Klame. P et al, 2001). This Act defined the regulation of REITs and also gave it the exemption from the federal taxation, which means there is no need to pay the double tax while using this investment tool (Klame. P et al, 2001). REITs did not make any significant achievements in the first decades, but grew dramatically from the 1990s, in which erupted a housing market collapse (Harvard University, 2003). Due to the low cost of management and the diversity of risk, more than 200 companies in America invested indirectly to the real estate market, the total assets exceed $ 12,000 billion until January 2000 ,and now, the American public real estate market is the biggest and most mature market in the world (Klame. P et al, 2001). B. The current situation of REITs in America The structure of REITs investors in America are divided into three parts, 55% in the domestic institutions, 25% by individuals and 7% by the foreign investors (Friday, 1999). REITs benefit all forms of the real estate projects, such as office buildings, shopping centers and private housing (Klame. P et al, 2001). The aim for the REITs was first defined for the retail investors, but attracted the institution investor since 2004, which increased the numbers of the trades as well as the liquidity of the REITs (Chan et al., 2002). Moreover, the REITs investors in America can obtain about 90% of the income of the REITs and do not need to pay any tax from their incomes, thereby making the benefits they receive higher than the stock markets (Klame. P et al, 2001). C. The reasons of the success of American REITs With almost 50 years development, REITs in the United Stated became the most mature one in the world. The reasons for that are varieties. The first reason is the government published a lot of supporting laws. With these Acts, REITs developed rapidly. The REITs did not make many achievements at the very beginning, but the American government made all their efforts to push this investment method to success. With the Tax Recovery Act in 1986, the REITs in the USA first grew tremendously after experiencing the bubbles and the depression in 1970s. This Act weakened the limited partnership by restricting their tax exemption and cancelling the accelerated depreciation accounting method of the real estate. The Act also loosened the access standard of the REITs, which made the REITs companies not only owned the real estate assets, but also could manage the properties. Moreover, most of the REITs added the low debt provision in their organizational files, which would absolutely reduce the risk in operation. These changes attracted the investor to join this boom market and promoted the development of REITs. At the end of 1999, the most important Act, REITs Modernization Act, passed and published in 2001. This Act reduced the distribution proportion to 90%, and stipulated the companies could dominate the profits freely after they pay the tax from their un-distributed incomes. Therefore, REITs could use this profit to maintain the existing properties, invested to new properties or pay the debt. As a result of that, this Act increased the investment chance and promoted the business performance. These Acts helped REITs to become more flexible, more focus in customer demands and a more profit-seeking institution. The supporting laws and policies are definitely important, however, REITs needs more supporting from the financial system, and the evaluation system is considered to be the most important systems in REITs development. The evaluation system in the U.S. is quite complete. With the experience of over 100 years financial operation, the Americans accumulated substantial finance evaluation experience. When REITs started, the evaluation of the REITs products were not difficult tasks to finish. Almost all the REITs projects had been evaluated correctly, which provided accuracy information to the investors. Due to the REITs market is not difficult to enroll, most of the investors, including individuals and institutions, could operate readily when they joined the market. That absolutely promoted the REITs boom in the United State during 1990s. In addition, REITs companies in America invest to specific objects. Compared with China, the U.S. REITs concentrated in existing real estate projects, which means the companies preferred to operate the buildings rather than to establish one. That would absolutely reduce the risk for REITs, which attracted a lot of investors. These three factors motioned above supported the REITs developed very fast since 1990s and make it becomes one of the most efficient and mature REITs model in the world. The Chinese REITs may probably enlighten form these experiences and avoid the problems by learning their developing history. IV. Countermeasures To establish a relatively complete environment for REITs investment, China would probably benefits from the American experience. The paper will provide some suggestions which might helpful for improve the REITs in China. A. Exemption of the double tax of REITs As Chinese REITs markets were mainly affected by the investment environment, especially the supporting laws, the Chinese government could refer to the American model to release the law restricting gradually. The most exigent problem which should be solved first is the taxes on the REITs products. The American experience exposed that the transparency feature of the tax is the most important factor promoting REITs market boost. Without the tax transparency, the returns of the REITs would be very low. The Chinese government should use this experience for reference, exempting the double tax on the REITs, stimulating the REITs markets by raising the returns. B. Introduction for the public Due to the returns of REITs are a little bit higher than the stock markets and the investment skill is fairly easy to grasp, both the individual and the institutional investors would be willing to invest to this market. However, the REITs market was not flourishing as the exception, that is mainly because most individuals in China did not understanding what was REITs and how many retunes they could received by the REITs, even the specialists would not invest lightly due to the unclear information of supporting policies of the REITs. If the government really want to boom the REITs market, they should focus on publicize the REITs products to the citizen and publish the very clear supporting policies or law to enhance the investors confidence. In order to extent to market of REITs, it should absorb both individual investors and institution investor to join. However, the Chinese government paid more attention on the institutions instead of considering the individuals, which cause the ins ufficient funds of the REITs markets. Obviously, the institution investors are quite cautious and would not invest their money to the uncertain finance products such as REITs, which would directly lead the depression of the REITs markets and also caused a vicious circle : no investors, no money and no money, REITs market would not attract investors. To change this situation, money from individual investors is necessary because the asset from individuals is fairly huge in China. The government should use this kind of power, just like the U.S. model, to support the unstable REITs market at its very beginning. Using the bank sell model, which is just like the fund sell model in China, and minimizing the unit of REITs just like the American to create the chance for individuals to enroll. C. The clear investment aim The investment object is another severe problem in Chinese REITs model, REITs companies in China used to prefer invest to the big projects. Because the limitation of the test spots, the opportunities are very competitive. Most of the companies used their best properties to join this market, these properties are so huge that could not be evaluated very clearly before they used them to invest. Therefore, due to the unclearly evaluation of these properties, the information for the investors are ambitious, which would definitely cause severe problem in them investment decision-making. Moreover, REITs in China is a relative new investment methods for both individual investors and institutional investors, with the unclear information, investors therefore would not have a willing to buy this kind of finance products, they might consider that REITs is a very risky products for them to invest. That is also a reason why investors enthusiasm for this investment tool is not very high as the expe ctation. However, the situation in America is complete change. At the very beginning, REITs was considered to be a quite popular invest method, the reason for its depression is the only the double tax. Thereby, when the government released the tax and published some supporting laws to regular REITs, its market grew suddenly. That is because almost all the properties, which are provided by the REITs companies in America, were not very huge at the very beginning and were evaluated clearly before they came into the markets. Even some properties are relatively big, having been given exhaustive information for the investors. Therefore, investor could easily invest to these products with this information and would approximately calculate the incomes they would return. Such experience should be used in Chinese REITs market, establishing the professional evaluation agencies to provide the official evaluation reports to the investors, making sure the information they received is true and int act. That might greatly stimulate the investors confidence and give them a positive signal that the REITs is a fairly formal investment tools for them to choose. V. Conclusions The Chinese real estate market is booming these years, but it is by no means that all of the foreign finance methods suitable for China. When we want to use some advance experience to the Chinese market, we should consider it very clearly, not only learn the structure of concept of the new method, but also we may need to figure out the essential of it and in what situation we will use it. According to the REITs, we may understand that even its concept is fairly suitable for Chinese situation, the operation details is also quite difficult to follow. It might need several years to establish our own REITs market and to publicize it to the whole citizen. That is not the task which only to publish some REITs products, it is also a task to build a whole REITs system, including the supporting policies or laws, complete the evaluation system and extending the REITs spots. All of them need time to finish. Therefore, we could not run it so fast but to make sure every step is moderate and effic ient. In this circumstance, we may probably find some new problems and new chance for us to develop our REITs, and also we might discover some new ideas or methods to make the REITs more efficient and more suitable for China. References Barker, K. (2003) Review of Housing Supply: Interim Report-Analysis (London: HMSO). Chan, S. H., Erickson, J. Wang, K. (2002) Real Estate Investment Trusts Structure, Performance, and Investment Opportunities (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Eichholtz, P.M.A., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Does International Diversification Work Better for Real Estate than for Stocks and Bonds?, Financial Analysis Journal, January-February, 1996, pp. 56-62. Friday, H.S., G.S. Sirmans, and C.M. Conover, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ownership Structure and the Value of the Firm: The Case of REITs, Journal of Real Estate Research, 1999, vol. 17, no. 1/2. Harvard University (2003) The State of the Nations Housing 2002 (Massachusetts,

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Most and Least Important Factors in the Outbreak of Ww1 Free Essays

Which was the most important and least important factor in the outbreak of the First World War? In my opinion, the most important cause of the First World War was the Alliance System. By 1914, the main powers in Europe had been divided into two groups. These were: The Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and The Triple Entente – Britain, France and Russia. We will write a custom essay sample on Most and Least Important Factors in the Outbreak of Ww1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the point of creating these alliances was to avoid war, they meant that any conflict that broke out would increase in scale immediately because the other countries had to support them. The main rivalries were Germany and France over the capture of Alsace-Lorraine, Russia and Austria over the Balkans, and Britain and Germany over their navies and economic power. The Alliance System created a lot of competition between the rival countries, and possibly even the allies themselves, because, naturally, they all wanted to be the most powerful and influential in their group. This just increased the tension between everyone and strengthened each side for the inevitable war. On the other hand, I think the least important cause of the war was the Arms Race. The growing divide in Europe (caused by the Alliance System) had led to an arms race between the main countries. The French and German armies had more than doubled their forces, and all nations were making plans for war. The German Count Alfred von Schlieffen had come up with the Schlieffen Plan, which was to fight France and defeat them within six weeks, and then to turn back and defeat Russia. Unfortunately for them, they relied too much on hoping Russia would take more than six weeks to mobilise, which didn’t happen. Also, as the Germans went through Belgium to get into France, Belgium had a treaty with Britain which meant Britain automatically got involved. Austria was intimidated by Russia and needed Germany to succeed in defeating France, so they could then help them in fighting Russia. Russia had potentially millions of soldiers. This made them very powerful because they could overwhelm the opposition with sheer numbers, although they would have needed Britain’s industrial help because they were badly-equipped. France had a large, well equipped army. They had a plan called Plan 17. This was to charge across the frontiers and deep into Germany, forcing them to surrender. Britain was closely but secretly in collaboration with the French. They set up the BEF (British Expeditionary Force), which was 150,000 highly trained soldiers that could go and support France at any time. Although the Arms Race seems to have developed the preparations for war from each country, I don’t think that it actually caused any more problems between the countries. At this point, war was seen as inevitable and all the nations could do was prepare for what was to come as best as they could. How to cite Most and Least Important Factors in the Outbreak of Ww1, Papers

Vision of My Dream India Essay Example

Vision of My Dream India Essay Of Drugs and Youth By Billy I Ahmed Ads by Google Are you in Class XII? Join the new GNIIT. Learn IT using digital syllabus on loaded notebook NIITCareers. com/GNIIT Furniture China 2011 The Top furniture expo in Asia To bring you the Best Value! www. furniture-china. cn SBI Life Flexi Smart Savings plan with Guaranteed returns. Know more! www. sbilife. co. in Today, the problem of drug abuse among the youth has assumed a greater significance and heightened concern in various socio-cultural and economic strata. Though no accurate figures are available to measure the actual extent of the problem, drug addicts reporting to counseling in the country points out that the problem has spread among various age groups, and much among youths aged 16 to 25 years. The age group in which a youth is, signifies the transformation of an adolescent to a young person, which usually is accompanied with the trials and tribulations of a child in becoming a grown-up. A bundle of exuberant but undirected energy, he derives pleasure in taking risks and experimenting with new things. He craves to taste the forbidden fruits in his quest for attaining recognition and status amongst his peers. Such a behaviour often brings him in open or concealed conflict with his parents and parent figures which leads to the much discussed conflict of generations and generation gap. The situation has been further complicated due to the fast paced social transformation brought in the society by rapid industrialisation, urbanisation and rural-urban migration. We will write a custom essay sample on Vision of My Dream India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vision of My Dream India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vision of My Dream India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It has eroded the traditional, informal, social control mechanisms and has even brought in changes in the structure of the family, from joint to nuclear, or at best an extended family. The media explosion has shrunken the world, especially for the youth, and they are now more aware of things around. This has also raised their level of aspiration and ambition. With materialism, consumerism and individualism gaining ascendancy, modern youth is drifting away from his traditional roots and finds it difficult to cope with ever increasing social pressures. Further, the increasing economic pressures compel more and more parents to take full time employment leaving a child, more so a youth, alone in the house or in the company of friends. With no adequate programmes available to keep them busy, they become easy prey to anti-social activities including drug-abuse. There may be various reasons for a youth to take to drug abuse, from just curiosity and a tendency to experiment with. It may be an expression of his revolt against established authority, a way of gaining recognition in his group or he may just not be able to say NO, when offered. Therefore awareness creation or preventive education programme for youth is an imperative. In build up immunity amongst them, would promote self-respect and determination, provide experiences which encourage self-respect and sense of dignity, enhances personal and social skill which are necessary for functioning in a rapidly transforming society and provide for professional skills. What is more important is that the leisure time activities of both student and non-student youth are so organised that they provide for healthy recreation and constructive work habits. As is evident, a youth feels more at home within his age-group. Therefore, to reach them, it is but natural to take the help of more active groups among them. In Bangladesh, a strong emphasis has been placed on awareness building against drug-abuse among youth as they are considered to be the most precious asset for human resource development. Financial and technical assistance is provided by the government and NGOs to help them undertake activities such as socio cultural programmes. Experience has shown such programmes have a salutary impact, if backed by a good follow-up programme. It has also been realised that youth power can be harnessed not only from preventing youths from the malady of addiction but also by improving the environment they live in. One such example is the Rainy Day concert organised by Prothom Alo to observe the International Day against Drug Abuse and Trafficking. Some 15000 youths saying No to drugs vowed to launch a nationwide movement against drug. I take my hats off to Anusheh who had the gut to narrate her once drug addicted life. Anusheh, you can be a good ambassador to help the drug addicts return to their original track. Such activities/programmes help to identify addicts in their own peer groups. Dare devils as the youth are, they prove to be an asset in reaching rather inaccessible areas of the community, such as, pockets of addiction. Many a time, due to their connection with traffickers, pushers and pedlars, it becomes difficult to impress upon addicts to leave their habit. It is here that the youths, voluntary organisations have not only been able to create awareness but also have been able to muster support for combating trafficking, pushing and peddling drug. About The Author Billy I Ahmed Quatation It is the nature of ambition to make men liars and cheats, and hide the truth in their breasts, and show, like jugglers, another thing in their mouths: to cut all friendships and enmities to the measure of their interest, and to make a good countenance without the help of a good will. Sallust (Caius Sallustius Crispus) Ambition breaks the ties of blood, and forgets the obligations of gratitude. Sir Walter Scott Ambition is no cure for love! Sir Walter Scott, The Lay of the Last Minstrel (canto I, st. 27) O fading honours of the dead! O high ambition, lowly laid! Sir Walter Scott, The Lay of the Last Minstrel canto II, st. 10) It is the constant fault and inseparable ill quality of ambition never to look behind it. Seneca (Lucius Annaeus Seneca) Take away ambition and vanity, and where will be your heroes and patriots? Seneca (Lucius Annaeus Seneca) When once ambition has passed its natural limits, its progress is boundless. Seneca (Lucius Annaeus Seneca) Ambitions like a circl e on the water, Which never ceases to enlarge itself, Till by broad spreading it disperse to nought. William Shakespeare Dreams, indeed, are ambition; for the very substance of the ambitious is merely the shadow of a dream. And I hold ambition of so airy and light a quality, that it is but a shadows shadow. William Shakespeare I charge thee, fling away ambition: By that sin fell the angels. William Shakespeare Lowliness is young ambitions ladder, Whereto the climber-upward turns his face; And when he once obtains the upmost round, He then unto the ladder turns his back, Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By which he did ascend. William Shakespeare Vaulting ambition, which overleaps itself. William Shakespeare Who soars too near the sun, with golden wings, melts them. William Shakespeare Which dreams indeed are ambition, for the very substance of the ambitious is merely the shadow of a dream. William Shakespeare, Hamlet Prince of Denmark (Guildenstern at II, ii) But tis a common proof That lowliness is young ambitions ladder, Whereto the climber upward turns his face; But when he once attains the upmost round, He then unto the ladder turns his back, Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By which he did ascend. William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar (Brutus at II, i) Ambitions debt is paid. William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar (Brutus at III, i) The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious. If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hat Caesar answered it. William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar (Antony at III, i) Ill-weaved ambition, how much art thou shrunk! When that this body did contain a spirit, A kingdom for it was too small a bound; But now two paces of the vilest earth Is room enough. William Shakespeare, King Henry the Fourth, Part I (Prince Henry at V, iv) Virtue is choked with foul ambition And charity chased hence by rancors hand; Foul subornation is predominant And equity exiled your highness land. William Shakespeare, King Henry the Sixth, Part II (Gloucester at III, i) I have no spur To prick the sides on my intent, but only Vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself And falls on th other, William Shakespeare, Macbeth (Macbeth at I, vii) By that sin fell the angels. William Shakespeare, The Life of King Henry the Eighth (Wolsey at III, ii) Mark but my fall and that that ruined me. Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition! By that sin fell the angels; how can man then (The Image of his Maker) hope to win by it? William Shakespeare, The Life of King Henry the Eighth Wolsey at IV, i) Farewell? a long farewell to all my greatness! This is the state of man: to-day he puts forth The tender leaves of hope; to-morrow blossoms, And bears his blushing honors thick upon him; The third day comes a frost, a killing frost,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And when he thinks, good easy man, full surely   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His greatness is a-ripening, nips his root,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And then he falls as I do. William Shakespeare, The Life of King Henry VIII (Wolsay at III,ii) Ambition is like hunger; it obeys no law but its appetite. Henry Wheeler Shaw (used pseudonyms Josh Billings and Uncle Esek) One may easily enough guard against ambition till five-and-twenty. It is not ambitions day. William Shenstone 1. career development. Dependence on other counties should be a thing of the past. 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